Alaska Class Battlecruiser - The Alaska Class is one of six large warships commanded for the United States Navy before World War II, of which only two were completed and later served in the war. The U.S. Navy designation for such a ship is the "Cruiser of Large" (CB), and most leading references agree. However, although the U.S. Navy has never classified them as such, other writings alternate describe them. All of Alaska is named after US territory or the Isle of Wight, indicating that they fall between larger warships and heavier and smaller warships.
The idea of a large warship dates back to the early 1930s, when the U.S. Navy was trying to counter the German launch of the Deutschland-class "pocket warship". After Germany deployed the Scharnhorst-class warship and rumors that Japan was building a new cruise ship, the B-65 began plans for what would evolve into an Alaskan-class ship.
Alaska Class Battlecruiser
As a "ship killer" capable of finding and destroying heavy warships after these treaties, the class was equipped with artillery of new design, expensive, armored protection limited to 12 "shells and speeds of about 31-33 knots. (57-61 km / h; 36-38 mph).
Warship Pictorial #43 Alaska Class Cruisers
Of the six projects in Alaska and Guam, two were completed, and on April 16, 1947, the third under construction (Hawaii) was halted and the last three were canceled. Alaska and Guam served in the U.S. Navy during the final years of World War II as bombers and speedboats. They were discontinued in 1947 after serving only 32 and 29 months, respectively.
The development of heavy warships was formalized between World War I and World War II by the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty and its subsequent treaties and conferences in which the United States, Britain, Japan, France and Italy agreed. Up to 10 heavy warships. Displacement of 000 tons with 8-inch main armor. The design of the US inter-war warships followed this pattern to the Alaskan class.
The first impetus for Alaska design came from the deployment of pocket warships in Germany in the early 1930s.
Although not immediately active, these ideas resurfaced in the late 1930s, when intelligence reports indicated that Japan was planning or building a B-65 class "warship" that would be more powerful than the ship. America's current heavy warfare.
Alaska Class Large Cruiser
The Navy responded in 1938 when the General Council requested that the Office of Construction and Repair conduct a "comprehensive study of all types of naval vessels to consider new and expanded construction programs."
US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was then likely to play a leading role in the development of a class he hoped would withstand the raids of Japanese and German pocket warships.
One historian described the design process of the Alaskan class as "painful" due to the many changes and modifications to the ship's layout by various departments and individuals.
The General Council tried to keep the displacement below 25,000 tons, which allowed the design to provide limited underwater protection, making them vulnerable to torpedos and shells not far from the ship compared to warships. .
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The final design is a Baltimore-class with the same mechanics as the Essex aircraft carrier. The ship combined the main weaponry of nine 12-inch guns with 10-inch gun protection into a hull capable of reaching 33 knots (61 km / h; 38 mph).
Alaska was officially funded in September 1940, along with several other ships as part of the Two Seas Act.
Their role has changed little: In addition to their land-to-land role, they also aim to protect carriers. Admiral Jin's ability to escort such aircraft carriers was appreciated. Because of their larger guns, larger size, and higher speed, they were more valuable in this role than heavy warships, and prevented reports that Japan was developing a more advanced warship than the US heavy warships.
Another major change was considered during the "aircraft carrier panic" in late 1941, when the U.S. Navy realized they needed to add more aircraft carriers quickly. As much as possible. Many cabinets under construction are being considered for conversion into carriers. At times, they considered some or all of the Cleveland-class light warships, Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, and one of the Alaska-class and Iowa-class warships; In d they chose Cleveland,
Uss Alaska Cb 1 By Jmantime
As a result, nine ships under construction at the New York Shipbuilding Company's shipyard were converted into light aircraft carriers, including the Independence class.
Because the Essex-class aircraft carrier and the Alaska-class aircraft carrier have many similarities in design, including the same engine.
However, when comparing Alaska cruisers to Essex, modified cruise ships will have shorter flights (so they can only carry 90% of the aircraft).
It will be less than 11 feet (3.4 m) in water and can travel 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km) at 15 knots (28 km / h; 17 mph). In addition, the design of large warships does not include the extensive underwater protection found in conventional carriers, as the weight of the armor is dedicated to anti-shelling.
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In the end, the Alaska Transformation will not meet the Navy's goal of quickly acquiring new aircraft carriers, as the task of converting them into aircraft carriers will take a long time. With this in mind, all plans to reform Alaska were abandoned on January 7, 1942.
Of the six planned Alaska-class cruise ships, only three were left. The first two, Alaska and Guam, were completed by New York Shipbuilding. Construction on Hawaii III was halted on April 16, 1947, when she was 84 percent complete.
The last three, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Samoa, have been delayed as all equipment and routes are allocated to high-priority ships such as aircraft carriers, destroyers and submarines. Construction has not yet begun, steel shortage
The realization that these "destroyers" had no other cruise ships to hunt - as the Japanese navy was defeated by planes and submarines - made these ships "elephants".
Not Really A Cruiser, Not Really A Battleship, But Never A Battlecruiser: The Story Of The Us Navy's Alaska Class
As a result, the construction of the last three members of the class never began and was officially canceled on June 24, 1943.
Alaska and Guam served in the U.S. Navy during the final years of World War II, establishing the 16th Fleet, commanded by Admiral Francis Lowe of the U.S. Navy.
Similar to the Iowa-class high-speed warships, their firepower was useful in dropping bombs on the shore, and their speed made them perfect as fast passenger ships, and both warships were Well known for their role in the fleet during the war.
Both Alaska and Guam defended Franklin as she traveled to Guam to repair after being hit by two Japanese bombs. Alaska then backed the landing on Okinawa, while Guam moved to San Pedro Bay to lead the new Cruiser Task Force 95, led by Lieutenant Colonel Jesse B. Aldo, her husband. In full command. Guam, along with Alaska, four light warships and nine destroyers, led task forces into East China and the Yellow Sea to raid shipping, but they dealt only with Chinese ships. .
Uss Alaska (cb 1) By Gc Conceptart On Deviantart
After the war, both ships joined Task Force 71 of the North China Navy of the US Seventh Fleet. Its mission was to support the Allied occupation of the Korean Peninsula.
This includes flag-raising operations on North Korea's west coast and the Gulf of Zhili. On September 8, 1945, the U.S. Army held a naval demonstration prior to the operation of the Amphibious Landing Operation Campus in Kings, Korea.
Both ships later returned to the United States in mid-December 1945 and were stopped and "sealed" in 1947.
In 1958, the Department of Transportation conducted two feasibility studies to find out whether Alaska and Guam could be properly converted into guided missile warships. The first study involved removing all the guns and switching to four different missile systems. The proposed demolition cost of $ 160 million is considered relatively high, so a second study has been started. The study left the front battery (three 12-inch twin towers and three 5-inch twin towers) unchanged and added a smaller version of the first plan at the rear. Although the cost of these proposals is about half of the initial research plan ($ 82 million), it is still prohibitively expensive.
Uss Alaska Hi Res Stock Photography And Images
As a result, both ships were removed from the list of naval vessels on June 1, 1960. Alaska was sold for scrap on June 30, 1960, and Guam on May 24, 1961.
The idea continued until February 26, 1952, when consideration was given to transform her into a "large command ship." Her classification was changed to CBC-1 in anticipation of the change. This would make her the "big sister" of Northampton.
But a year and a half later (October 9, 1954), she was reassigned CB-3. Hawaii attacked by the Navy.
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